Many high-income countries have experienced postponement to later ages at childbearing, lower overall fertility and increased levels of childlessness. The reasons for fertility postponement has been explored in detail and related to multiple factors such as effective contraception, women’s increased educational attainment and entry into the labour market, work-life reconciliation issues, gender inequality, changing norms […]    

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Given the already high proportion of the global population living in urban areas is expected to rise in the coming years, cities will continue to face stark and growing liveability challenges. A key challenges is managing and developing urban green spaces, considered crucial for the well-being of residents. The role of green spaces in urban […]    

Credit: Pixabay It is increasingly widely acknowledged that exposure to air pollution can negatively impact health. A growing body evidence documents detrimental short and long-run effects of air pollution on educational outcomes, which in turn has long-term implications on employment, earnings and other socioeconomic outcomes. Pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxides […]    

COVID-19 posed one of the most profound public health crises for a hundred years. The full death toll associated directly or indirectly with the COVID-19 pandemic (described as ‘excess mortality’) was estimated by the World Health Organisation at a staggering 14.9 million. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became increasingly clear that deaths were disproportionaly concentrated […]    

The internet and digital technology has become a pervasive part of everyday lives. The diffusion of high-speed fiber-based and mobile broadband availability has been a key economic policy goal of the European Union and many other countries and regions. In 2023, the European Commission proposed the ‘Gigabit Infrastructure Act’ with the aim to ensure that […]